{"id":458,"date":"2019-11-20T19:18:29","date_gmt":"2019-11-20T19:18:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/engruj.energia.bme.hu\/?page_id=458"},"modified":"2024-03-18T09:38:06","modified_gmt":"2024-03-18T09:38:06","slug":"jendrassik_gyorgy","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/labor.energia.bme.hu\/en\/jendrassik_gyorgy\/","title":{"rendered":"GEORGE (GY\u00d6RGY) JENDRASSIK"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"458\" class=\"elementor elementor-458\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6f23f06 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6f23f06\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0b774f\" data-id=\"c0b774f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64b0499 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"64b0499\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-060a361 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"060a361\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-aa1dbb4\" data-id=\"aa1dbb4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60f5ac5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"60f5ac5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b742e5a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b742e5a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f70e29b\" data-id=\"f70e29b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-987d0eb elementor-tabs-view-vertical elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"987d0eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">About our namesake<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">JENDRASSIK MOTOROK<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">JENDRASSIK G\u00c1ZTURBIN\u00c1K<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">About our namesake<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">About our namesake<\/h1>\n<div><\/div>\n<h1 style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\" align=\"center\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/labor.energia.bme.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/bmelab_8_01.jpg\" alt=\"bmelab_8_01.jpg\" width=\"248\" height=\"325\" \/><\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\" align=\"center\">George (Gy\u00f6rgy) Jendrassik<\/h1>\n<h2 style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\" align=\"center\">Budapest, 13 May 1898 - London, 7 February 1954.<\/h2>\n<div style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\" align=\"center\"><\/div>\n<br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0He completed his secondary schooling in Budapest at the Hor\u00e1nszky Street High School, now the V\u00f6r\u00f6smarty Mih\u00e1ly High School. He showed a special interest in mathematics and physics, and by the age of six he was already skilled in integration and differentiation, and in 1916 he won the physics competition of the Mathematical and Physical Society.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0In the autumn of 1916, he started his studies in mechanical engineering at the Royal Joseph Polytechnic University in Budapest. In the academic year 1919-20, at the recommendation of the Technical University and with the permission of the head of the university department of the responsible ministry, T\u00f3dor K\u00e1rm\u00e1n, he was able to attend lectures at the Technical University of Berlin-Charlottenburg as a scholarship holder. In Berlin he had the opportunity to attend lectures by the great physicists Planck, Einstein and Nernst at the Physikalische Gesellschaft. In the following academic year, he continued his studies at home again. In 1922, he obtained the degree of mechanical engineer with an excellent grade.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0On 1 August 1922, he accepted a job at Ganz and Company\u2019s Danubius Machine, Waggon and Shipyard Ltd. His interest was stimulated by Don\u00e1t B\u00e1nki's earlier successful engine experiments. He started his activities within the Research Department, which was the development and experimental department. His first work involved the strength calculation and load test preparation for the main frame of a new type of wagon for the Dutch Coastal Local Interest Railway. At this time the main focus of the Research Department was the development of a medium-speed diesel engine. This gave Jendrassik the opportunity to study the theoretical and practical problems of the diesel engines. By the early 1900s, as a result of continuous development activities, the internal combustion engines named after Rudolf Diesel were already mature power engines in the field of high performance. However, there was a lack of simple, small, low-power engines to compete with petrol engines in small industry, agriculture and transport.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Jendrassik foresaw the future in developing diesel engines in this direction. He clarified the basic theoretical issues and then proposed to the factory management that they should jointly produce an engine under the name Ganz Jendrassik and jointly apply for patents. His proposal was opposed by the factory management. Eventually, K\u00e1lm\u00e1n Kand\u00f3 intervened and an agreement was reached between Jendrassik and the factory management, and the obstacle to starting work was removed. The first patent, entitled Internal Combustion Engine and Method of Operation Protecting the Starting Process of the Engines, was already registered under the names of Jendrassik and Ganz and Co.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">The first engine was given the type designation I Jm 130. It was a single-cylinder engine with a bore of 130 mm, a stroke of 160 mm and a power output of 12 hp at 1,000 rpm with a specific consumption of 210 grams. The success of these engines made Jendrassik's name known worldwide. The first patents and engines were developed by Jendrassik within the Department of Studies, but in the summer of 1927 the separate \"Jendrassik Engine Construction Department\" was established. This department continued to operate after Jendrassik's death until the end of 1958.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0In 1934 he married Johanna Schmall, the eldest daughter of architect Henrik Schmall.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">The increasingly perfected Jendrassik engines became known all over the world and enhanced the reputation of Hungarian industry, the Ganz factory and not least Gy\u00f6rgy Jendrassik. In addition to his constant engine development activities, he was also involved in the realization of gas turbines. In his private office, the thermodynamic calculations for the future gas turbine were carried out. Jendrassik, unlike some of his great contemporaries, predicted a very promising future for the gas turbine in aviation. He filed the first two patents for the gas turbine in 1929. The first under his own name, the second jointly with the Ganz company. The Ganz company was not included in the subsequent patents, as it did not wish to produce gas turbines.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0In 1936, Jendrassik founded the Invention Development and Sales Ltd., primarily for the development of gas turbines, initially covering the costs himself, but later receiving substantial support from the Ministry of Industry. After the theoretical preparation, gas turbine experiments could begin in 1937 and were a success by the end of 1938: the world's first small gas turbine with a separate combustion chamber, with a power output of 100 hp and an economic efficiency of 21.2%, was born. The Jendrassik gas turbine opened up new fields of application for the gas turbine.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0In 1939-40, he produced the CS 1 aircraft gas turbine, designed for 1000 hp, while at the same time experimenting with a 300 hp gas turbine for vehicles. The JR 300 type vehicle gas turbine was designed with a detached working turbine. Three units of this type were produced: two for installation in vehicles and one for use as a stable machine.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">Experiments with the turbocharger were carried out at the Ganz factory. After a long period of experimentation, the result was spectacular: the power of the experimental engine was increased by 50% just by increasing the mean pressure. This result was a sensation in 1944.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">In the meantime, Jendrassik's authority at Ganz was growing, followed by a rise in his authority and rank. He was head of department until 1939, with the ranks of chief engineer (1927), supervisor (1930), superintendent (1931) and director (1936). He accepted the post of general manager only under persuasion and in the interests of the company. His achievements were recognized by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, which elected him a corresponding member on 14 May 1943, but the war prevented him from taking up his chair.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0As soon as the siege of Budapest was over, he appeared at the ruined Ganz factory and threw himself into the work of rebuilding with his characteristic intensity. He became an expert member of several professional delegations travelling abroad, and made several trips to the West to revive his former business relations, which had been interrupted by the war, as Ganz's CEO.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">In 1947, he did not return to Hungary from a business trip to the West. He first tried to settle in Argentina, but eventually chose England as the permanent home for his future work. He settled in London, where he lived in Buckingham Palace Mansions. He took up a directorship with the firm Metropolitan Vickers. He founded Jendrassik Developments Ltd. It was within this company that he developed his final invention, the pressure exchanger.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0His relationship with the Ganz factory was finally severed in 1951, after he agreed with a committee from Hungary to give up his domestic patents for the future. However, he maintained his claims to the past.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">During his career, he filed more than 80 patents. (list)<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">His life in England was not easy: although he had no financial problems, he was often afflicted by homesickness and had difficulty selling his inventions. Eventually, his physical strength and capacity to perform overstretched and he died on 7 February 1954. The British newspapers described him as a pioneer of the gas turbine.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">He was buried in London.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/>\n<h3 style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\">Szabadalmak, tal\u00e1lm\u00e1nyok:<\/h3>\n<br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">A szabadalmak nagy r\u00e9sz\u00e9t m\u00e9g 15-20 \u00e1llamban bejelentett\u00e9k; a mintegy 70-80 szabadalomb\u00f3l a jegyz\u00e9k a legfontosabbakat tartalmazza.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">(A le\u00edr\u00e1sok adatai: a szabadalom c\u00edme, a szabadalom tartalmi kivonata, a szabadalom sz\u00e1ma, a bejelent\u0151 nev\u00e9nek kezd\u0151bet\u0171je, a bejelent\u00e9s d\u00e1tuma.) (J=Jendrassik, G=Ganz \u00e9s Tsa., T=Tal\u00e1lm\u00e1nykifejleszt\u0151 \u00e9s \u00c9rt\u00e9kes\u00edt\u0151 Kft.)<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/>\n<h4 style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal;\">a) A gyorsj\u00e1r\u00e1s\u00fa, kompresszor n\u00e9lk\u00fcli d\u00edzelmotorral kapcsolatos szabadalmak:<\/h4>\n<ul style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">\n \t<li>Bels\u0151\u00e9g\u00e9s\u0171 h\u0151er\u0151g\u00e9p \u00e9s ehhez val\u00f3 \u00fczemelj\u00e1r\u00e1s. (A motorok ind\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1n\u00e1l alkalmazott elj\u00e1r\u00e1s, amely a sz\u00edv\u00f3l\u00f6ket elej\u00e9n \u00e9bresztett depresszi\u00f3 folyt\u00e1n a l\u00f6ket v\u00e9g\u00e9n be\u00e1raml\u00f3 leveg\u0151 felmeleged\u00e9s\u00e9t okozza.) 94510 J-G. 1924-09-09.<\/li>\n \t<li>T\u00fczel\u0151anyag-szivatty\u00fat m\u0171k\u00f6dtet\u0151 szerkezet bels\u0151\u00e9g\u00e9s\u0171 h\u0151er\u0151g\u00e9pek r\u00e9sz\u00e9re. (Rug\u00f3 hat\u00e1s\u00e1ra t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 befecskendez\u00e9s.) 94953 J-G. 1926-09-30.<\/li>\n \t<li>Kompresszor n\u00e9lk\u00fcli, t\u00fczel\u0151anyag befecskendez\u00e9ssel dolgoz\u00f3 bels\u0151\u00e9g\u00e9s\u0171 h\u0151er\u0151g\u00e9p. (Porlaszt\u00f3 f\u00fav\u00f3k\u00e1j\u00e1nak furata, el\u0151kamra, h\u0171t\u00f6tt dugatty\u00fa.) 95627 J-G. 1927-04-04.<\/li>\n \t<li>T\u00fczel\u0151anyag-szivatty\u00fat m\u0171k\u00f6dtet\u0151 szerkezet. (\u201eC&#8221; t\u00edpus\u00fa befecskendez\u0151 szivatty\u00fa.) 99445 J-G. 1928-06-25.<\/li>\n \t<li>\u00c1t\u00f6ml\u0151 furat vagy csatorna el\u0151kamr\u00e1s rendszer\u0171 bels\u0151\u00e9g\u00e9s\u0171 h\u0151er\u0151g\u00e9pek el\u00e9g\u00e9si ter\u00e9ben lev\u0151 v\u00e1laszfalak, terel\u0151lemezek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. (Az el\u0151kamrafen\u00e9ken lev\u0151 furatoknak a henger fel\u0151li v\u00e9gei leg\u00f6mb\u00f6ly\u00edtettek, a porlaszt\u00f3 fel\u0151li v\u00e9gei \u00e9lesek.) 105664 J-G. 1928-11-30.<\/li>\n \t<li>Gy\u00fajt\u00f3kamra bels\u0151\u00e9g\u00e9s\u0171 h\u0151er\u0151g\u00e9pekhez. (A hengerfejjel egybe\u00e9p\u00edtett gy\u00fajt\u00f3kamra, melynek vez\u00e9relt szelepe csak a kompresszi\u00f3l\u00f6ket v\u00e9g\u00e9n ny\u00edlik.) 101243 J-G. 1929-11-04.<\/li>\n \t<li>L\u00f6ketszab\u00e1lyoz\u00f3 \u00fctk\u00f6z\u0151 nyom\u00f3l\u00f6ket\u00fckben megfesz\u00edtett rug\u00f3val m\u0171k\u00f6dtetett t\u00fczel\u0151anyag-szivatty\u00fak r\u00e9sz\u00e9re. (\u00dctk\u00f6z\u0151k a szab\u00e1lyoz\u00f3\u00e9ksor \u00fatj\u00e1nak hat\u00e1rol\u00e1s\u00e1ra.) 102467 J-G. 1929-11-21.<\/li>\n \t<li>K\u00e9t\u00fctem\u0171 bels\u0151\u00e9g\u00e9s\u0171 h\u0151er\u0151g\u00e9p. (A be- \u00e9s ki\u00f6ml\u0151 csatorn\u00e1k relat\u00edv helyzete.) 109728 J. 1930-04-28.<\/li>\n \t<li>Berendez\u00e9s er\u0151g\u00e9pek ind\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak megk\u00f6nny\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re. (Az ind\u00edt\u00e1s tartam\u00e1ra fogasker\u00e9k \u00fatj\u00e1n bekapcsolt p\u00f3tlend\u00edt\u0151ker\u00e9k.) 104590 J-G. 1930-07-10.<\/li>\n \t<li>Elj\u00e1r\u00e1s kompresszor n\u00e9lk\u00fcli D\u00edzelmotorok befecskendez\u0151 szerveiben fell\u00e9p\u0151 k\u00e1ros nyom\u00e1shull\u00e1mok kik\u00fcsz\u00f6b\u00f6l\u00e9s\u00e9re. (A befecskendez\u0151cs\u0151 dinamikus karakterisztik\u00e1j\u00e1t \u00e9s a porlaszt\u00f3 stacioner kifoly\u00e1si karakterisztik\u00e1j\u00e1t k\u00f6zel\u00edt\u0151leg fed\u00e9sbe hozzuk.) 108126 J-G. 1932-04-05.<\/li>\n \t<li>Berendez\u00e9s el\u0151kamr\u00e1k, l\u00e9gt\u00e1rol\u00f3k stb. r\u00f6gz\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re bels\u0151\u00e9g\u00e9s\u0171 h\u0151er\u0151g\u00e9pek hengerfejeiben. (R\u00f6gz\u00edt\u0151csavarok alkalmaz\u00e1sa, melyek az el\u0151kamra stb. pal\u00e1stj\u00e1nak k\u00f6rbefut\u00f3 horny\u00e1ba t\u00e1maszkodnak.) 111668 J-G. 1933-01-19.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal;\">b) G\u00e1zturbin\u00e1val kapcsolatos szabadalmak:<\/h4>\n<ul style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">\n \t<li>Radi\u00e1lis \u00e1raml\u00e1s\u00fa g\u00e1zturbinaker\u00e9k, els\u0151sorban \u00e1lland\u00f3 nyom\u00e1s\u00fa g\u00e1zturbin\u00e1hoz. (A lap\u00e1tker\u00e9k h\u0151szigetel\u00e9se, s\u0171r\u0171 lap\u00e1toszt\u00e1s a csatorna \u00f6rv\u00e9nyl\u00e9si sebess\u00e9g cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9s\u00e9re, g\u00e1zr\u00e9teg, mint h\u0151szigetel\u0151, h\u0171t\u00f6tt falak.) 101099 J-G. 1929-03-22.<\/li>\n \t<li>\u00dczemi elj\u00e1r\u00e1s \u00e9s berendez\u00e9s g\u00e1zturbin\u00e1khoz. (Kis h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kletek \u00e9s nyom\u00e1sok, f\u00e1radtg\u00e1zok h\u0151j\u00e9nek visszanyer\u00e9se h\u0151kicser\u00e9l\u0151 alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1val, forg\u00f3 aerodinamikus kompresszor, a max. h\u0151fok hat\u00e1rolva.) 114505 J. 1935-04-01.<\/li>\n \t<li>Forg\u00f3 aerodinamikus kompresszor. (A lap\u00e1tkoszor\u00fak alatt kik\u00e9pezett hat\u00e1rr\u00e9teg-elsz\u00edv\u00f3 csatorn\u00e1kkal.) 120447 J. 1935-05-3l.<\/li>\n \t<li>Munkaelj\u00e1r\u00e1s g\u00e1zturbin\u00e1khoz \u00e9s az elj\u00e1r\u00e1s foganatos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra val\u00f3 g\u00e1zturbina. (Kezdeti izotermikus, s folytat\u00f3lag csatlakoz\u00f3 adiabatikus expanzi\u00f3szakasszal dolgoz\u00f3 rep\u00fcl\u0151g\u00e9p-g\u00e1zturbina.) 119895 J-T. 1937-02-l3.<\/li>\n \t<li>\u00dczemelj\u00e1r\u00e1s g\u00e1zturbin\u00e1khoz \u00e9s az elj\u00e1r\u00e1s foganatos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz val\u00f3 g\u00e1zturbina. (Ut\u00e1n\u00e9get\u0151s turbina\u00fczem primer \u00e9s szekunder t\u00fczel\u0151anyagokkal.) T. 1937-05-18.<\/li>\n \t<li>Berendez\u00e9s g\u00e1zturbin\u00e1khoz. (Meredek karakterisztik\u00e1j\u00fa turbina.) 120860 T-J. 1937-06-28.<\/li>\n \t<li>G\u00e1zturbina. (Lap\u00e1tkerekes turbina.) 120644 T. 1937-07-07.<\/li>\n \t<li>R\u00e9szekb\u0151l \u00f6sszerakott forg\u00f3, els\u0151sorban g\u00e1zturbin\u00e1k, g\u0151zturbin\u00e1k vagy kompresszorok r\u00e9sz\u00e9re. (X form\u00e1j\u00fa kit\u00e1maszt\u00e1sokkal t\u00e1rcs\u00e1kb\u00f3l \u00f6sszerakott forg\u00f3.) 120646 T. 1937-07-07.<\/li>\n \t<li>Elj\u00e1r\u00e1s sorbakapcsolt \u00e9s egym\u00e1st\u00f3l mechanikailag f\u00fcggetlen turbin\u00e1kat tartalmaz\u00f3 g\u00e9pcsoport sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra \u00e9s hozz\u00e1val\u00f3 berendez\u00e9s. (Szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1s sorbakapcsolt kompresszorhajt\u00f3 \u00e9s munkaturbin\u00e1kb\u00f3l \u00e1ll\u00f3 berendez\u00e9sekhez a turbin\u00e1kon \u00e1t\u00e1raml\u00f3 munkak\u00f6zeg mennyis\u00e9gek viszonylagos v\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1s\u00e1val.) 123678 J. 1938-07-12.<\/li>\n \t<li>H\u0151kicser\u00e9l\u0151. (K\u00e9t munkateres h\u0151kicser\u00e9l\u0151 a munkaterekbe helyezett fel\u00fcletn\u00f6vel\u0151 bet\u00e9tekkel.) 126422 J. 1939-08-02.<\/li>\n \t<li>H\u0151kicser\u00e9l\u0151. (K\u00e9t munkateres, ellen\u00e1ram\u00fa h\u0151kicser\u00e9l\u0151 a be- \u00e9s kil\u00e9p\u00e9si oldalak sarkain\u00e1l elrendezett be- \u00e9s elvezet\u0151 gy\u0171jt\u0151csatorn\u00e1kkal a k\u00e9t munkak\u00f6zeg sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, a h\u0151\u00e1tviv\u0151 lemezek k\u00f6z\u00f6tti r\u00e9ssz\u00e9less\u00e9gek cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9s\u00e9re.) 133514 J. 1942-05-22.<\/li>\n \t<li>Kalorikus g\u00e1zturbina, els\u0151sorban g\u00e1zturbina. (Be\u00e1ll\u00edthat\u00f3 \u00e1ll\u00f3lap\u00e1tokkal ell\u00e1tott g\u00e1zturbina.) 134340 J. 1942-11-26.<\/li>\n \t<li>Angol szabadalm\u00e1nak sz\u00e1ma (melyet 1953. szeptember 14-i priorit\u00e1ssal ny\u00fajtott be a Jendrassik Developments Ltd.): 2 848 871.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal;\">Elismer\u00e9sek<\/h4>\n<ul style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">\n \t<li>MTA levelez\u0151 tagja (1943).<\/li>\n \t<li>1937-ben a Verein Mitteleurop\u00e4ischer Eisenbahnverwaltungen, a VI. JaR 170\/240 t\u00edpus\u00fa, Ganz-Jendrassik rendszer\u0171 vas\u00fati j\u00e1rm\u0171motor\u00e9rt 1500 RM p\u00e1lyad\u00edjjal t\u00fcntette ki.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal;\">Saj\u00e1t \u00edr\u00e1sok:<\/h4>\n<ul style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">\n \t<li>Egy \u00fajrendszer\u0171, gyorsforg\u00e1s\u00fa Diesel-motor. In: Technika. 1930, p. 59-64.<\/li>\n \t<li>Eine neue Bauart des raschlaufenden Dieselmotors insbesondere auch f\u00fcr Fahrzeugszwecke &#8211; Konferenz &#8211; Vorabzug der zweiten Weltkraftkonferenz. Berlin, 1930, p. 23.<\/li>\n \t<li>A Ganz-Jendrassik rendszer\u0171 Diesel-motorok \u00fajabb fejl\u0151d\u00e9se. In: Ganz K\u00f6zlem\u00e9nyek. 1931. j\u00fan., 8.sz. p. 29-31.<\/li>\n \t<li>A nyersolajmotorok teljes\u00edt\u0151k\u00e9pess\u00e9g\u00e9r\u0151l. In: Ganz K\u00f6zlem\u00e9nyek. 1937. j\u00fal., 22.sz. p. 3-7.<\/li>\n \t<li>Egy \u00faj g\u00e1zturbina \u00e9s gyakorlati eredm\u00e9nyeinek ismertet\u00e9se. In: MM\u00c9EK. 1939. j\u00fal., p. 149-157.<\/li>\n \t<li>Hozz\u00e1sz\u00f3l\u00e1s Schimanek Emil \u201eMit v\u00e1rhatunk a g\u00e1zturbin\u00e1t\u00f3l?&#8221; c\u00edm\u0171 tanulm\u00e1ny\u00e1hoz. In: Technika. 1939, p. 246-247.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6ssze\u00e1ll\u00edtotta: Fazekas Mikl\u00f3s<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">Forr\u00e1sok: Sz\u0151ke B\u00e9la, M\u0171szaki nagyjaink, 1967\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">JENDRASSIK MOTOROK<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><h1 style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal; text-align: center;\">JENDRASSIK MOTOROK<\/h1><p><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">Jendrassik Gy\u00f6rgy 1926-ban tervezte els\u0151 Diesel-motorj\u00e1t, egyhengeres kivitelben. 1927-t\u0151l dolgozott a Ganz R\u00e9szv\u00e9nyt\u00e1rsas\u00e1gn\u00e1l, ahol a Diesel-motorok fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9be kapcsol\u00f3dott be, \u00e9s szerkesztette a vil\u00e1gh\u00edr\u0171 Jendrassik motorokat, melyek els\u0151 darabjai egy- \u00e9s k\u00e9thengeresek voltak. K\u00e9s\u0151bb alakult ki a n\u00e9gy- \u00e9s hathengeres, n\u00e9gy\u00fctem\u0171, el\u0151kamr\u00e1s motor. Ezeket a nagyobb motorokat t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt kisebb s\u00ednaut\u00f3buszokba \u00e9p\u00edtettek be.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">A Jendrassik motorok h\u00e1rom f\u0151 \u00faj\u00edt\u00e1st tartalmaztak:<\/span><\/p><ol style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\"><li>El\u0151kamr\u00e1s \u00e9g\u00e9st\u00e9r a jobb kever\u00e9kk\u00e9pz\u00e9s el\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9re \u00e9s a magasabb \u00fczemi fordulatsz\u00e1m \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben.<\/li><li>Dekompresszi\u00f3s berendez\u00e9s az ind\u00edt\u00e1s \u00e9s a norm\u00e1l \u00fczemi \u00e1llapot el\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9nek meggyors\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra.<\/li><li>Rug\u00f3s adagol\u00f3szivatty\u00fa.<\/li><\/ol><p><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">Ezekkel az \u00faj\u00edt\u00e1sokkal megsz\u00fcletett egy olyan Diesel-motor konstrukci\u00f3, mely kisebb m\u00e9ret\u00e9vel \u00e9s t\u00f6meg\u00e9vel, valamint nagyobb fordulatsz\u00e1m\u00e1val a vas\u00fat\u00fczem k\u00f6vetelm\u00e9nyeinek jobban megfelelt, mint az akkori nagy, neh\u00e9z \u00e9s lass\u00fa fordulat\u00fa, haj\u00f3z\u00e1sban haszn\u00e1lt d\u00edzelmotor. A Jendrassik f\u00e9le\u00a0 Diesel-motorokat Hollandi\u00e1ban, Spanyolorsz\u00e1gban, Angli\u00e1ban, Rom\u00e1ni\u00e1ban (Malaxa) \u00e9s Belgiumban is gy\u00e1rtott\u00e1k licenc alapj\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p><div style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/labor.energia.bme.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/bmelab_13_01.jpg\" alt=\"bmelab_13_01.jpg\" width=\"623\" height=\"303\" \/><\/div><p><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><h3 style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\">A (hideg) ind\u00edt\u00f3 elj\u00e1r\u00e1s<\/h3><p><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">Kis henger t\u00e9rfogatokn\u00e1l ar\u00e1nylag nagyobb az \u00e9g\u00e9st\u00e9r fel\u00fclet\u00e9nek \u00e9s k\u00f6btartalm\u00e1nak viszonya, mint a nagyn\u00e1l. Mivel ezek nagyj\u00e1b\u00f3l a h\u0171t\u00e9ssel, illetve a kompresszi\u00f3 h\u0151j\u00e9vel ar\u00e1nyosak, k\u00f6vetkezik, hogy a kismotorn\u00e1l a h\u0171t\u00e9s is jobban \u00e9rv\u00e9nyes\u00fcl, mint nagymotorokn\u00e1l, ami f\u0151leg ind\u00edt\u00e1sn\u00e1l h\u00e1tr\u00e1nyos. Ezen lehet seg\u00edteni k\u00fcl\u00f6nf\u00e9le ind\u00edt\u00f3 berendez\u00e9sekkel, gy\u00fajt\u00f3 pap\u00edrral, vagy gy\u00fajt\u00f3 spir\u00e1llal, de a kismotorok az egyszer\u0171 \u00e9s olcs\u00f3 kivitel \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben ilyenekkel nem rendelkezhettek. Meg kellett oldani teh\u00e1t a kis l\u00f6kett\u00e9rfogat\u00fa motorok ind\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t hideg k\u00f6rnyezetben is egyszer\u0171 k\u00e9zi megforgat\u00e1ssal. Jendrassik ezt az al\u00e1bbi termodinamikai \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9s felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1val oldotta meg.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">Ha valamilyen ed\u00e9nybe az ott uralkod\u00f3 nyom\u00e1s n\u00f6veked\u00e9s\u00e9t fokoz\u00f3 g\u00e1z \u00e1ramlik be, akkor az ed\u00e9ny tartalma a kiindul\u00e1si \u00e1llapothoz k\u00e9pest felmelegszik. Legnagyobb a hat\u00e1s akkor, ha pl. a l\u00e9gk\u00f6rt\u0151l teljesen evaku\u00e1lt ed\u00e9nybe engedj\u00fck a g\u00e1zt mindaddig be\u00e1ramolni, am\u00edg a nyom\u00e1sok kiegyenl\u00edt\u0151dnek.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">Jendrassik ezt a jelens\u00e9get a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 k\u00e9pen hasznos\u00edtja. A sz\u00edv\u00f3szelep vez\u00e9rl\u00e9s\u00e9re h\u00e1rmas b\u00fcty\u00f6k szolg\u00e1l, egy a rendes \u00fczem, egy az ind\u00edt\u00e1s, egy a dekomprim\u00e1l\u00e1s sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. E h\u00e1rmas b\u00fcty\u00f6k eltolhat\u00f3 vez\u00e9rtengelyen \u00fcl. A vez\u00e9rtengely eltol\u00e1s\u00e1val a b\u00fcty\u00f6k b\u00e1rmelyik r\u00e9sz\u00e9t a szelepemel\u0151 g\u00f6rg\u0151je al\u00e1 hozhatjuk, vagyis \u00fczembe helyezhetj\u00fck. Hideg \u00e1llapotban val\u00f3 ind\u00edt\u00e1skor a k\u00f6z\u00e9ps\u0151 b\u00fcty\u00f6kr\u00e9sz vez\u00e9rli a sz\u00edv\u00f3szelepet, amelyik nem a sz\u00edv\u00f3l\u00f6ket kezdet\u00e9n, hanem csak annak v\u00e9ge fele ny\u00edlik meg. Ez\u00e9rt a sz\u00edv\u00f3l\u00f6ket elej\u00e9n er\u0151s l\u00e9gritk\u00edt\u00e1s keletkezik, amelyet a l\u00f6ket v\u00e9g\u00e9n be\u00e1raml\u00f3 leveg\u0151 sz\u00fcntet meg. K\u00f6zben a leveg\u0151 felmelegszik \u00e9s a bek\u00f6vetkez\u0151 kompresszi\u00f3- \u00fctem alatt m\u00e1r ezt a felmelegedett leveg\u0151t komprim\u00e1ljuk. Ezzel az elj\u00e1r\u00e1ssal -15 \u00b0C k\u00f6rnyezeti h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet mellett meg tudtak ind\u00edtani egy 24 l\u00f3er\u0151s motort puszt\u00e1n a k\u00e9ziforgatty\u00fa seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><\/p><h3 style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\">Rug\u00f3s adagol\u00f3szivatty\u00fa<\/h3><p><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">Az klasszikus adagol\u00f3szivatty\u00fakn\u00e1l a hengerben a t\u00fczel\u0151anyag sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges nyom\u00e1s, &#8211; a k\u00e9nyszerkapcsolat k\u00f6vetkezt\u00e9ben, a dugatty\u00fa elmozdul\u00e1sakor az adagol\u00f3b\u00fcty\u00f6k geometriai kialak\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1val meghat\u00e1rozott mozg\u00e1st\u00f6rv\u00e9ny szerint &#8211; a t\u00fczel\u0151anyag adagol\u00e1s\u00e1val egyidej\u0171leg alakul ki.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">Lehet\u0151s\u00e9g van a t\u00fczel\u0151anyag sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1shoz sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges energi\u00e1t a t\u00fczel\u0151anyag adagol\u00e1s\u00e1nak megkezd\u00e9se el\u0151tt t\u00e1rolni. Az energiat\u00e1rol\u00e1s az adagol\u00e1s megkezd\u00e9se el\u0151tt &#8211; hidraulikus energiat\u00e1rol\u00f3ban illetve, mechanikus \u00faton (Jendrassik szivatty\u00fa)- rug\u00f3val lehets\u00e9ges.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">Jendrassik Gy\u00f6rgy a 30-as \u00e9vekben szerkesztett\u00a0 adagol\u00f3szivatty\u00faj\u00e1nak v\u00e1zlata a 3. \u00e1br\u00e1n l\u00e1that\u00f3. Enn\u00e9l a szivatty\u00fan\u00e1l egy b\u00fctyk\u00f6s tengely a t\u00fczel\u0151anyag-adagol\u00e1s el\u0151tt rug\u00f3t fesz\u00edt el\u0151, amely az adagol\u00e1s megkezd\u00e9s pillanat\u00e1ban az adagol\u00f3hengerben a dugatty\u00fat elmozd\u00edtja. A mozg\u00e1sra k\u00e9nyszer\u00edttet dugatty\u00fa a t\u00fczel\u0151anyagot az adagol\u00f3vezet\u00e9ken \u00e9s porlaszt\u00f3f\u00fav\u00f3k\u00e1n kereszt\u00fcl a motor \u00e9g\u00e9ster\u00e9be juttatja.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><\/p><div style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/labor.energia.bme.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/bmelab_13_04.jpg\" alt=\"bmelab_13_04.jpg\" width=\"317\" height=\"548\" \/><\/div><p><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">A hengerbe porlasztand\u00f3 t\u00fczel\u0151anyag mennyis\u00e9g\u00e9nek v\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1sa a k\u00e9tkar\u00fa emel\u0151 al\u00e1t\u00e1maszt\u00e1si magass\u00e1g\u00e1nak be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1val lehets\u00e9ges. A k\u00fcls\u0151 al\u00e1t\u00e1maszt\u00e1sn\u00e1l l\u00e9v\u0151 \u00e9k elmozd\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1val v\u00e1ltozik a dugatty\u00fa l\u00f6kete, \u00edgy a ciklusonk\u00e9nt bejuttatott t\u00fczel\u0151anyag mennyis\u00e9ge is. A m\u0171k\u00f6dtet\u0151 b\u00fcty\u00f6k elmozd\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1val az adagol\u00f3rug\u00f3 ism\u00e9t \u00f6sszenyom\u00f3dik. A dugatty\u00fat az alatta elhelyezett rug\u00f3 visszah\u00fazza, a nyom\u00e1s a hengerben \u00edgy cs\u00f6kken, a dugatty\u00fat tetej\u00e9n l\u00e9v\u0151 rug\u00f3terhel\u00e9s\u0171 szelep ny\u00edlik, \u00e9s a henger a t\u00f6lt\u0151vezet\u00e9ken kereszt\u00fcl t\u00fczel\u0151anyaggal ism\u00e9t megtelik.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">Jendrassik ennek a szivatty\u00fanak f\u0151 el\u0151nyek\u00e9nt a fordulatsz\u00e1mt\u00f3l f\u00fcggetlen befecskendez\u00e9si t\u00f6rv\u00e9nyt tekintette. Abban az esetben, ha a motor m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9si fordulatsz\u00e1m tartom\u00e1nya sz\u00e9les, akkor nagyobb fordulatsz\u00e1mokn\u00e1l a forgatty\u00fas tengely elfordul\u00e1s\u00e1ra sz\u00e1m\u00edtott befecskendez\u00e9si t\u00f6rv\u00e9ny m\u00e1r kedvez\u0151tlen\u00fcl alakul, \u00e9s ez jelent\u0151sen megv\u00e1ltoztatja az \u00e9g\u00e9st\u00f6rv\u00e9nyt.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><\/p><h3 style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\">Az el\u0151kamr\u00e1s \u00e9g\u00e9st\u00e9r<\/h3><p><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">Az el\u0151kamr\u00e1s motorok \u00e9g\u00e9si folyamat\u00e1nak megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sakor is felismerhet\u0151 a Diesel-motorokban az optim\u00e1lis \u00e9g\u00e9s biztos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra tett t\u00f6rekv\u00e9s, hogy a t\u00fczel\u0151anyag-leveg\u0151 kever\u00e9k min\u00e9l kisebb h\u00e1nyada gyulladjon \u00f6ngyullad\u00e1s r\u00e9v\u00e9n \u00e9s min\u00e9l nagyobb h\u00e1nyad\u00e1t a m\u00e1r \u00e9g\u0151 r\u00e9szecsk\u00e9k gy\u00fajts\u00e1k. A durva porlaszt\u00e1s miatt az el\u0151kamr\u00e1ban a t\u00fczel\u0151anyag-leveg\u0151 kever\u00e9k kisebb h\u00e1nyada gy\u00fajt\u00f3dik \u00f6ngyullad\u00e1ssal, nagyobb h\u00e1nyad\u00e1ban \u00e9g\u00e9st megel\u0151z\u0151 reakci\u00f3k mennek v\u00e9gbe.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">A tov\u00e1bbi r\u00e9szek gy\u00fajt\u00e1s\u00e1t a f\u0151\u00e9g\u00e9st\u00e9rb\u0151l el\u0151kamr\u00e1ba, majd onnan a f\u0151\u00e9g\u00e9st\u00e9rbe \u00e1raml\u00f3 k\u00f6zeg \u00e1raml\u00e1sa r\u00e9v\u00e9n keletkez\u0151 intenz\u00edv anyag- \u00e9s h\u0151\u00e1tad\u00e1s v\u00e1ltja ki.<\/span><\/p><div style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/labor.energia.bme.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/bmelab_13_03.jpg\" alt=\"bmelab_13_03.jpg\" width=\"348\" height=\"580\" \/><\/div><p><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">A \u201enagy fordulatsz\u00e1m\u00fa\u201d motorok fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9nek \u00fatt\u00f6r\u0151 \u00e9g\u00e9st\u00e9r-konstrukci\u00f3ja volt Jendrassik Gy\u00f6rgy el\u0151kamr\u00e1s Diesel-motorja (2. \u00e1bra). A nyitott porlaszt\u00f3f\u00fav\u00f3k\u00e1b\u00f3l kil\u00e9p\u0151 t\u00fczel\u0151anyag-sug\u00e1r mind az el\u0151kamr\u00e1ban, mind a f\u0151\u00e9g\u00e9st\u00e9rben az \u00e9g\u00e9st megind\u00edt\u00f3 kever\u00e9ket hozta l\u00e9tre \u00e9s ind\u00edtotta csaknem egy id\u0151ben mindk\u00e9t t\u00e9rben az \u00e9g\u00e9st. Az el\u0151kamr\u00e1b\u00f3l ki\u00e1ram1\u00f3 \u00e9g\u0151 t\u00fczel\u0151anyag-leveg\u0151-sug\u00e1r a dugatty\u00fatet\u0151n kik\u00e9pzett szemen torl\u00f3dott \u00e9s ter\u00fclt el a f\u0151\u00e9g\u00e9st\u00e9rben.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">Az eredeti konstrukci\u00f3hoz k\u00e9pest a k\u00e9s\u0151bbi konstrukci\u00f3kn\u00e1l az el\u0151kamr\u00e1n a f\u0151 furat mellett kik\u00e9pzett furattal (furatokkal) a f\u0151\u00e9g\u00e9st\u00e9r \u00e9s el\u0151kamra k\u00f6z\u00f6tti fojt\u00e1si vesztes\u00e9g cs\u00f6kken, \u00edgy a motor hat\u00e1sfoka n\u00f6vekedett<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><div style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/labor.energia.bme.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/bmelab_13_02.jpg\" alt=\"bmelab_13_02.jpg\" width=\"598\" height=\"530\" \/><\/div><p><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><em style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400;\">(DWT = deadweight tons \/<span lang=\"hu\">tonna hordk\u00e9pess\u00e9g\/<\/span>)<\/em><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6ssze\u00e1ll\u00edtotta: Dr. Bereczky \u00c1kos,<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><em style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400;\">Forr\u00e1sok:\u00a0 Dr. F\u00fcl\u00f6p Zolt\u00e1n: Bels\u0151\u00e9g\u00e9s\u0171 motorok, 1990., V63 Gigant Club, MHE Magyar Haj\u00f3regiszter, Ganz K\u00f6zlem\u00e9nyek, 14. sz\u00e1m, 1934, Sz\u0151ke B\u00e9la, M\u0171szaki nagyjaink, 1967<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">JENDRASSIK G\u00c1ZTURBIN\u00c1K<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><h1 style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal; text-align: center;\">JENDRASSIK G\u00c1ZTURBIN\u00c1K<\/h1>\n<h3 style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\">G\u00e1zturbina fejleszt\u00e9s<\/h3>\n<span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">Jendrassik Gy\u00f6rgy els\u0151 g\u00e1zturbina szabadalm\u00e1nak kelte 1929. m\u00e1rcius 12. 1934-ben munkat\u00e1rsakat vont be a sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1sok v\u00e9gz\u00e9s\u00e9re. 1937-ben sor ker\u00fclt az el\u0151zetes k\u00eds\u00e9rletekre, amelyek tapasztalataival 1938-ban meg\u00e9p\u00edtette g\u00e1zturbin\u00e1j\u00e1t, amely 1938. okt\u00f3ber 2-\u00e1n indult el el\u0151sz\u00f6r. R\u00f6videsen terhelhet\u0151 volt \u00e9s 1939. janu\u00e1r 2-\u00e1n bemutatta a hivatalos ellen\u0151rz\u0151 bizotts\u00e1gnak, majd pedig m\u00e1rcius 8-\u00e1n a nyilv\u00e1noss\u00e1g el\u0151tt ismertethette munk\u00e1j\u00e1nak eredm\u00e9ny\u00e9t.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/>\n<h3 style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\">100 l\u00f3er\u0151s g\u00e1zturbina<\/h3>\n<span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">Ezut\u00e1n meg\u00e9p\u00edtette a 100 l\u00f3er\u0151s (73,5 kW) g\u00e1zturbina berendez\u00e9s\u00e9t, amely \u00e1lland\u00f3 nyom\u00e1s\u00fa, h\u0151cser\u00e9l\u0151s, ny\u00edlt k\u00f6rfolyamat\u00fa volt. A t\u00edz fokozat\u00fa, \u00fan. feles forg\u00e1s\u00fa, axi\u00e1lis rendszer\u0171 kompresszor 2,2 ata nyom\u00e1sra s\u0171r\u00edtette a leveg\u0151t, amely az ellen\u00e1ram\u00fa h\u0151cser\u00e9l\u0151ben 350 \u00b0C-ra melegedett fel. A leveg\u0151 innen a befecskendez\u0151szivatty\u00fak \u00e1ltal\u00a0 nyersolajjal t\u00e1pl\u00e1lt t\u00fczel\u0151t\u00e9rbe ker\u00fclt, ahol 475 \u00b0C -ra melegedett fel, majd a h\u00e9t fokozat\u00fa, ugyancsak feles forg\u00e1s\u00fa (f\u00e9l reakci\u00f3fok\u00fa) \u00e9s elcsavart lap\u00e1tokkal b\u00edr\u00f3 turbin\u00e1ban, ahol a h\u0151es\u00e9s fele a forg\u00f3, fele az \u00e1ll\u00f3 lap\u00e1tokon \u00e1talakult mozg\u00e1si energi\u00e1v\u00e1-expand\u00e1lt \u00e9s munk\u00e1t fejtett ki, v\u00e9g\u00fcl a h\u0151cser\u00e9l\u0151n \u00e1t\u00e1ramolva, mintegy 100-200 \u00b0C-ra leh\u0171lve a szabadba t\u00e1vozott.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">A berendez\u00e9s hasznos munk\u00e1ja a turbina \u00e1ltal kifejtett \u00e9s a kompresszor hajt\u00e1s\u00e1ra sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges munk\u00e1k k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g\u00e9b\u0151l \u00e1ll. Ez a munka nem nagy a turbina \u00e9s a kompresszor munk\u00e1inak abszol\u00fat \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9hez viszony\u00edtva, mert a turbina el\u0151tti h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kletet, ami termodinamikai k\u00f6rfolyamat hat\u00e1sfok\u00e1t meghat\u00e1rozza, a szerkezeti anyagokra val\u00f3 tekintettel meglehet\u0151sen korl\u00e1tozni kell. Ez\u00e9rt els\u0151sorban j\u00f3 hat\u00e1sfok\u00fa kompresszort \u00e9s turbin\u00e1t kellett \u00e9p\u00edteni. Mivel pedig j\u00f3 kompresszort nehezebb meg\u00e9p\u00edteni, mint a j\u00f3 turbin\u00e1t, az el\u0151bbivel kezdte a fejleszt\u00e9st..<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">A nagy fordulatsz\u00e1mok miatt csak k\u00f6rforg\u00f3 kompresszor \u00e9s turbina j\u00f6hetett sz\u00f3ba. Mivel \u00e1lland\u00f3an ugyanazt a leveg\u0151 mennyis\u00e9get dolgozt\u00e1k fel, merev tengelykapcsol\u00f3val \u00f6sszek\u00f6t\u00f6tt tengelyekre szerelt, vagy a k\u00e9s\u0151bbi Cs 1 jel\u0171 g\u00e1zturbin\u00e1n\u00e1l egybe\u00e9p\u00edtett v\u00e1ltozatot alkalmaztak.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">A k\u00eds\u00e9rleti c\u00e9lokra k\u00fcl\u00f6n \u00e9p\u00edtett kompresszora a rep\u00fcl\u0151g\u00e9pek g\u00e1zturbin\u00e1in\u00e1l az\u00f3ta igen elterjedt \u00fan. feles forg\u00e1s\u00fa (0,5 reakci\u00f3fok\u00fa), hat fokozat\u00fa axi\u00e1lis kompresszor volt, a lap\u00e1tok a potenci\u00e1lis \u00f6rv\u00e9ny szerinti elcsavar\u00e1ssal k\u00e9sz\u00fcltek, a hat\u00e1sfoka pedig 85 %-ot \u00e9rt el.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">A k\u00eds\u00e9rleti kompresszor annyira igazolta Jendrassik feltev\u00e9seit \u00e9s sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1sait, hogy a k\u00eds\u00e9rletek c\u00e9lj\u00e1b\u00f3l turbina \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t mell\u0151zhette.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">H\u0151cser\u00e9l\u0151nek ellen\u00e1ram\u00fa rekuper\u00e1tort v\u00e1lasztotta. A r\u00e9gebben lefolytatott Martinka-f\u00e9le k\u00eds\u00e9rletekb\u0151l m\u00e1r tudta, hogy az itt alkalmazni k\u00edv\u00e1nt kis \u00e1raml\u00e1si sebess\u00e9gekn\u00e9l is j\u00f3 h\u0151\u00e1tad\u00e1si t\u00e9nyez\u0151t lehet el\u00e9rni kis r\u00e9tegvastags\u00e1g mellett. Ez\u00e9rt a h\u0151cser\u00e9l\u0151t kis t\u00e9rk\u00f6z\u00f6kkel \u00f6sszehegesztett h\u0151\u00e1ll\u00f3 ac\u00e9llemezekb\u0151l tervezte meg, amelyet t\u00f6bb elemre osztott. K\u00eds\u00e9rletekre csak egy ilyen elemet k\u00e9sz\u00edttetett el. Sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1sait ez is igazolta \u00e9s egy\u00fattal a technol\u00f3gi\u00e1ban is tapasztalatokat szerzett.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">A Jendrassik f\u00e9le 100 l\u00f3er\u0151s (73,5 kW) g\u00e1zturbina berendez\u00e9s a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 r\u00e9szekb\u0151l \u00e1llt: kompresszor, amely az atmoszf\u00e9r\u00e1b\u00f3l besz\u00edvott leveg\u0151t 2,2 atmoszf\u00e9r\u00e1rara s\u0171r\u00edtette, h\u0151cser\u00e9l\u0151, amely a s\u0171r\u00edtett leveg\u0151 h\u0151fok\u00e1t a rajta \u00e1t\u00e1raml\u00f3 \u00e9g\u00e9sterm\u00e9kek h\u0151j\u00e9nek egy r\u00e9sz\u00e9vel tov\u00e1bb meleg\u00edtette, t\u00fczel\u0151t\u00e9r, ahol az el\u00e9getett nyersolaj h\u0151j\u00e9t a leveg\u0151 felvette \u00e9s el\u00e9rte a berendez\u00e9sben uralkod\u00f3 legnagyobb h\u0151fokot, turbina, amelyben az \u00e9g\u00e9sterm\u00e9kek expand\u00e1lva hasznos munk\u00e1t fejtett ki (1. \u00e1bra).<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/>\n<div style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/labor.energia.bme.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/bmelab_14_01.jpg\" alt=\"bmelab_14_01.jpg\" width=\"386\" height=\"308\" \/><\/div>\n<br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">Az alum\u00ednium \u00f6tv\u00f6zetb\u0151l, kokill\u00e1ban \u00f6nt\u00f6tt kompresszorlap\u00e1tok \u00e9s a h\u0151\u00e1ll\u00f3 ac\u00e9lb\u00f3l prec\u00edzi\u00f3s \u00f6nt\u00e9ssel k\u00e9sz\u00edtett turbinalap\u00e1tok technol\u00f3gi\u00e1j\u00e1nak kik\u00eds\u00e9rletez\u00e9se, majd gy\u00e1rt\u00e1sa \u00c1rpay K\u00e1rolynak megbecs\u00fclhetetlen \u00e9rdeme, aki minden tud\u00e1s\u00e1t beleadva j\u00e1rult hozz\u00e1 a g\u00e1zturbina l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/>\n<h3 style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\">Cs 1 jel\u0171 rep\u00fcl\u0151g\u00e9p g\u00e1zturbina<\/h3>\n<br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">A l\u00e9gcsavaros rep\u00fcl\u0151g\u00e9p g\u00e1zturbina tervez\u00e9s \u00e9s gy\u00e1rt\u00e1s olyan gyorsan ment, hogy 1940 augusztus\u00e1ban m\u00e1r elkezd\u0151dtek a k\u00eds\u00e9rletek. A g\u00e1zturbin\u00e1nak a tervek szerint 550\u00b0C legnagyobb h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet mellett 1000 l\u00f3er\u0151t kellett volna teljes\u00edtenie. Az \u00e9g\u00e9si t\u00f6k\u00e9letlens\u00e9gek, egyenl\u0151tlen h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kleti eloszl\u00e1s, a kit\u0171z\u00f6tt termodinamikai k\u00f6rfolyamat (az expanzi\u00f3 els\u0151 fele izotermikus, m\u00e1sik fele adiabatikus kellett volna hogy legyen) nem megval\u00f3sul\u00e1sa, tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 a m\u00e9r\u0151berendez\u00e9s primit\u00edv volta \u00e9s hi\u00e1nya, amit a h\u00e1bor\u00fa miatt lehetetlen volt p\u00f3tolni, a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 \u00e9vig (1941. febru\u00e1r 11-ig) k\u00e9sleltett\u00e9k a rep\u00fcl\u0151g\u00e9p-g\u00e1zturbina megindul\u00e1s\u00e1t. Az \u00e9v v\u00e9g\u00e9re is csak 302 l\u00f3er\u0151t \u00e9rtek el 7% hat\u00e1sfokkal. Ekkor a h\u00e1bor\u00fa miatt a k\u00eds\u00e9rleti alkatr\u00e9szek cser\u00e9je, f\u0151leg a t\u00fczel\u0151t\u00e9r t\u00f6bbsz\u00f6ri \u00e1talak\u00edt\u00e1sa mind vontatottabb lett. A k\u00eds\u00e9rleteket 1943-ban, amint akkor hitt\u00e9k ideiglenesen, de val\u00f3j\u00e1ban \u00f6r\u00f6kre abbahagyt\u00e1k.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<div style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/labor.energia.bme.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/bmelab_14_02.jpg\" alt=\"bmelab_14_02.jpg\" width=\"647\" height=\"317\" \/><\/div>\n<br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">A Cs 1. jel\u0171 g\u00e1zturbin\u00e1t, amely nagyon hasonl\u00edt a mai kivitelekhez (2. \u00e1br\u00e1n \u00e9s 3. \u00e1br\u00e1n mutatjuk be). A k\u00e9pen jobbr\u00f3l balra l\u00e1that\u00f3 a lass\u00edt\u00f3 fogasker\u00e9km\u0171 h\u00e1za, amit k\u00f6r\u00fclvesz a be\u00f6ml\u0151 csatorna, majd a kompresszor, a t\u00fczel\u0151t\u00e9r, a turbina \u00e9s a ki\u00f6ml\u0151cs\u0151. El\u00f6l foglalnak helyet a seg\u00e9dg\u00e9pek is, ezek a befecskendez\u0151 \u00e9s a ken\u0151olajszivatty\u00fa, a regul\u00e1tor, a\u00a0 ken\u0151olajh\u0171t\u0151 \u00e9s az ind\u00edt\u00f3motor. A 15 fokozat\u00fa kompresszor \u00e9s a t\u00edz fokozat\u00fa turbina k\u00f6z\u00f6s merev szerkezetet alkotnak. A kompresszorb\u00f3l a turbin\u00e1ba vezetett leveg\u0151 egy r\u00e9sze, mint h\u0171t\u0151leveg\u0151 hat\u00e1sosan h\u0171ti a turbina forg\u00f3r\u00e9sz\u00e9t \u00e9s lap\u00e1tjainak t\u00f6v\u00e9t. A szerkezet sz\u00e1mos olyan megold\u00e1st mutat, amelyet a k\u00e9s\u0151bb megval\u00f3s\u00edtott rep\u00fcl\u0151g\u00e9p-g\u00e1zturbin\u00e1n\u00e1l elterjedten alkalmaztak.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<h3 style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal;\">JR 300 jel\u0171 j\u00e1rm\u0171 g\u00e1zturbina<\/h3>\n<span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">1941-ben elk\u00e9sz\u00fclt h\u00e1rom darab JR 300 jel\u0171, 300 l\u00f3er\u0151s g\u00e1zturbina (4. \u00e1bra), melyek k\u00f6z\u00fcl kett\u0151 j\u00e1rm\u0171vek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, egy pedig stabil c\u00e9lokra \u00e9p\u00fclt. A k\u00e9t kivitel k\u00f6z\u00f6tt csak a redukci\u00f3sm\u0171ben volt elt\u00e9r\u00e9s.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">Felt\u0171n\u0151 v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s az el\u0151z\u0151 g\u00e1zturbin\u00e1khoz k\u00e9pest a turbin\u00e1nak sz\u00e9tv\u00e1laszt\u00e1sa k\u00e9t f\u00fcggetlen r\u00e9szre, melyek k\u00f6z\u00fcl egyik a kompresszort \u00e9s seg\u00e9dg\u00e9peket hajt\u00f3 turbina, a m\u00e1sik a munkaturbina volt. Ez a megold\u00e1s lehet\u0151v\u00e9 tette a munkaturbina fordulat\u00e1nak f\u00fcggetlen\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t a m\u00e1sik\u00e9t\u00f3l, aminek k\u00f6vetkezt\u00e9ben a munkaturbina teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u00e9t a j\u00e1rm\u0171vek \u00e1ltal megk\u00edv\u00e1nt m\u00f3don lehetett szab\u00e1lyozni, vagy a munkaturbin\u00e1t le is \u00e1ll\u00edtani.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">A t\u00edz fokozat\u00fa axi\u00e1lis kompresszor h\u00e1rom atmoszf\u00e9r\u00e1ra s\u0171r\u00edtette a leveg\u0151t, amely a t\u00fczel\u0151t\u00e9rben 550\u00b0C -ra melegedett fel \u00e9s innen az I. turbin\u00e1ba ker\u00fclt, amelynek fordulata 19000 f\/perc volt.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">A munkaturbina \u00f6t fokozatb\u00f3l \u00e1llt, fordulat\u00e1t a redukci\u00f3sm\u0171 12 600 f\/perc-r\u0151l stabil kiviteln\u00e9l 1000 f\/perc-re, j\u00e1rm\u0171n\u00e9l pedig a k\u00edv\u00e1nt fordulatra cs\u00f6kkentette.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">A berendez\u00e9s fordulat\u00e1nak szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1sa pneumatikus szab\u00e1lyoz\u00f3val t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt, amely a fordulatsz\u00e1mot a kompresszor sz\u00edv\u00f3cs\u00f6v\u00e9ben lev\u0151 depresszi\u00f3 \u00fatj\u00e1n \u00e9rz\u00e9kelte. A munkaturbina fordulat\u00e1t m\u00e9g a redukci\u00f3sm\u0171r\u0151l hajtott mechanikus regul\u00e1tor is szab\u00e1lyozta, amely a t\u00fczel\u0151anyag mennyis\u00e9g\u00e9t \u00e1ll\u00edtotta \u00e9s a munkaturbina megker\u00fcl\u0151 vezet\u00e9k\u00e9nek szelep\u00e9re hatott.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">Az els\u0151 JR 300 jel\u0171 turbina 1941. szeptember 6-\u00e1n indult meg \u00e9s decemberben kezd\u0151dtek a terhel\u00e9si pr\u00f3b\u00e1k a tervezettn\u00e9l nagyobb ellen\u00e1ll\u00e1s\u00fa h\u0151cser\u00e9l\u0151 kikapcsol\u00e1s\u00e1val, majd a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 \u00e9v febru\u00e1rj\u00e1t\u00f3l egy \u00fajabb, az el\u0151bbin\u00e9l kisebb ellen\u00e1ll\u00e1s\u00fa h\u0151cser\u00e9l\u0151vel. Ez alkalommal a kimen\u0151 tengelyv\u00e9gen 900 f\/perc\u00a0 mellett 81 l\u00f3er\u0151 teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyt m\u00e9rtek, a fogyaszt\u00e1s 530 g\/LE\u00f3 volt, ami 11,8%-os hat\u00e1sfoknak felelt meg. A k\u00e9t turbina el\u0151tti h\u0151fok 594 \u00b0C, ill. 443 \u00b0C volt.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">Ekkor sz\u00fcks\u00e9gesnek tartotta Jendrassik az \u00e9g\u00e9s jav\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s az egyes vesztes\u00e9gek cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9se v\u00e9gett bizonyos r\u00e9sz k\u00eds\u00e9rletek v\u00e9gz\u00e9s\u00e9t, a rekuper\u00e1toros h\u0151cser\u00e9l\u0151 helyett forg\u00f3dobos h\u0151cser\u00e9l\u0151 alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1t, de a k\u00eds\u00e9rletek 1943. november v\u00e9g\u00e9n &#8211; ugyancsak a h\u00e1bor\u00fa k\u00f6vetkezt\u00e9ben &#8211; abbamaradtak.<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">K\u00e9sz\u00edtette: Dr. Sztank\u00f3 Kriszti\u00e1n,<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\" \/><em style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400;\">Forr\u00e1sok: Dr. F\u00fcl\u00f6p Zolt\u00e1n: G\u00e1zturbin\u00e1k, 1975.,Sz\u0151ke B\u00e9la, M\u0171szaki nagyjaink<\/em><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00c9VAD\u00d3NKR\u00d3L JENDRASSIK MOTOROK JENDRASSIK G\u00c1ZTURBIN\u00c1K N\u00c9VAD\u00d3NKR\u00d3L N\u00c9VAD\u00d3NKR\u00d3L Jendrassik Gy\u00f6rgy Budapest, 1898. m\u00e1j. 13.\u00a0 London, 1954. febr. 7. \u00a0K\u00f6z\u00e9piskol\u00e1it Budapesten a VIII. ker\u00fcleti Hor\u00e1nszky utcai re\u00e1lgimn\u00e1ziumban\u00a0 a mai V\u00f6r\u00f6smarty Mih\u00e1ly Gimn\u00e1ziumban\u00a0 v\u00e9gezte. A matematika \u00e9s fizika ir\u00e1nt k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6s \u00e9rdekl\u0151d\u00e9st mutatott, hatodikos kor\u00e1ban m\u00e1r tudott integr\u00e1lni \u00e9s differenci\u00e1lni, \u00e9s 1916-ban megnyerte a Mathematikai \u00e9s Physikai T\u00e1rsulat fizikaverseny\u00e9t.\u00a0Ez [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"unboxed","site-sidebar-style":"unboxed","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"SzabadosGy","author_link":"https:\/\/labor.energia.bme.hu\/en\/author\/szabadosgy\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"N\u00c9VAD\u00d3NKR\u00d3L JENDRASSIK MOTOROK JENDRASSIK G\u00c1ZTURBIN\u00c1K N\u00c9VAD\u00d3NKR\u00d3L N\u00c9VAD\u00d3NKR\u00d3L Jendrassik Gy\u00f6rgy Budapest, 1898. m\u00e1j. 13.\u00a0 London, 1954. febr. 7. \u00a0K\u00f6z\u00e9piskol\u00e1it Budapesten a VIII. ker\u00fcleti Hor\u00e1nszky utcai re\u00e1lgimn\u00e1ziumban\u00a0 a mai V\u00f6r\u00f6smarty Mih\u00e1ly Gimn\u00e1ziumban\u00a0 v\u00e9gezte. A matematika \u00e9s fizika ir\u00e1nt k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6s \u00e9rdekl\u0151d\u00e9st mutatott, hatodikos kor\u00e1ban m\u00e1r tudott integr\u00e1lni \u00e9s differenci\u00e1lni, \u00e9s 1916-ban megnyerte a Mathematikai \u00e9s Physikai T\u00e1rsulat fizikaverseny\u00e9t.\u00a0Ez&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/labor.energia.bme.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/458"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/labor.energia.bme.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/labor.energia.bme.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labor.energia.bme.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labor.energia.bme.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=458"}],"version-history":[{"count":251,"href":"https:\/\/labor.energia.bme.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/458\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3986,"href":"https:\/\/labor.energia.bme.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/458\/revisions\/3986"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/labor.energia.bme.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=458"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}